{"id":153,"date":"2020-09-14T19:47:42","date_gmt":"2020-09-14T17:47:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/destinationcrete.gr\/?page_id=153"},"modified":"2021-04-19T20:05:27","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T18:05:27","slug":"ancient-lebena","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.destinationcrete.gr\/pl\/archaeological-sites-crete\/ancient-lebena\/","title":{"rendered":"<p>Staro\u017cytna Lebena<\/p>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Lebena<\/em> (Levin) by\u0142o bogatym staro\u017cytnym miastem, po\u0142o\u017conym u po\u0142udniowego podn\u00f3\u017ca <em>Asterousia<\/em> w g\u00f3rach, na wybrze\u017cu, gdzie znajduje si\u0119 obecna osada Lentas. By\u0142 to port <a href=\"https:\/\/www.destinationcrete.gr\/pl\/archaeological-sites-crete\/gortyna\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gortyn<\/a>i s\u0142ynie z <em>Asklepieion<\/em> (\u015bwi\u0105tynia uzdrawiania), kt\u00f3r\u0105 odwiedzali czciciele z ca\u0142ego \u015bwiata <a href=\"\/pl\/\">Kreta<\/a> oraz <em>Libia<\/em>.<br>\n<!--more--><p>Nazwa <em>Lebenais<\/em> jest prawdopodobnie <em>Fenicjanin<\/em> (labi = lew) i zosta\u0142a zainspirowana sposobem, w jaki p\u00f3\u0142wysep na zach\u00f3d od niej przypomina g\u0142ow\u0119 lwa. Obszar ten zosta\u0142 po raz pierwszy zasiedlony w ko\u0144cowych latach neolitu. Bior\u0105c pod uwag\u0119 liczne znaleziska archeologiczne odkryte w grobach proto-minojskich, kt\u00f3re zosta\u0142y wykopane na tym obszarze, osada kwit\u0142a tam w okresie proto-minojskim. Wydaje si\u0119, \u017ce ta wcze\u015bniejsza osada nawi\u0105za\u0142a ju\u017c relacje handlowe z Egiptem, Wschodem i Cykladami. Miasto osi\u0105gn\u0119\u0142o jednak sw\u00f3j szczyt w okresie hellenistycznym, a g\u0142\u00f3wnie w czasach rzymskich, kiedy to <em>Gortyn<\/em> sta\u0142 si\u0119 najpot\u0119\u017cniejszym <a href=\"https:\/\/www.destinationcrete.gr\/pl\/crete-cities\/\">miasto Kreta<\/a>. <em>Lebena<\/em> by\u0142 jego portem, a tak\u017ce miejscem wybranym przez <em>Gortynianie<\/em> aby ustanowi\u0107 sanktuarium <em>Asklepios<\/em>w IV wieku p.n.e. By\u0142o ono podobne do Asklepieionu w Epidauros na Peloponezie. To sanktuarium, w kt\u00f3rym&nbsp;<em>Asklepios<\/em> oraz <em>Hygeia<\/em> zosta\u0142 zbudowany przy leczniczym \u017ar\u00f3dle termalnym. By\u0142o to s\u0142ynne centrum hydroterapii i fizjoterapii, a tak\u017ce funkcjonowa\u0142o jako sanatorium.<\/p><p>W po\u0142owie I wieku n.e. okolic\u0105 wstrz\u0105sn\u0119\u0142o pot\u0119\u017cne trz\u0119sienie ziemi, kt\u00f3re ca\u0142kowicie zniszczy\u0142o sanktuarium i du\u017c\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 miasta. Wspomina si\u0119, \u017ce linia brzegowa uleg\u0142a zmianie, a morze cofn\u0119\u0142o si\u0119 o ponad 1 kilometr (7 stadi\u00f3w = 1.296,05 metr\u00f3w). Miasto zosta\u0142o jednak odbudowane i nadal by\u0142o bardzo wa\u017cnym o\u015brodkiem handlowym przez kilka stuleci. Podczas <em>Pierwszy bizantyjski<\/em> okresie wzniesiono dwie godne uwagi bazyliki w <em>Lebena<\/em>kt\u00f3rego \u015blady mo\u017cna zobaczy\u0107 do dzi\u015b. Osady na tym obszarze zosta\u0142y opuszczone w wyniku ci\u0105g\u0142ych najazd\u00f3w pirat\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re mia\u0142y miejsce w VII wieku naszej ery, co by\u0142o prekursorem p\u00f3\u017aniejszej okupacji arabskiej.<\/p><p>Obszar ten nie posiada zorganizowanego stanowiska archeologicznego, jednak \u015blady jego przesz\u0142o\u015bci s\u0105 wyra\u017anie widoczne w obecnej osadzie i wok\u00f3\u0142 niej. <em>Lentas<\/em>. The <em>Asklepieion<\/em>W\u015br\u00f3d nich wyr\u00f3\u017cnia si\u0119 zbudowana na sztucznej platformie, na kt\u00f3r\u0105 prowadz\u0105 majestatyczne schody. Platforma zosta\u0142a pokryta marmurowymi p\u0142ytami, a jej obw\u00f3d ozdobiono mozaikami. Zachowane \u015bciany \u015bwi\u0105tyni zosta\u0142y zbudowane z cegie\u0142 i pokryte bia\u0142ym marmurem. Mo\u017cna r\u00f3wnie\u017c zobaczy\u0107 dwie wysokie marmurowe kolumny i 6-metrow\u0105 podstaw\u0119, na kt\u00f3rej znajdowa\u0142y si\u0119 pos\u0105gi <em>Asklepios<\/em> oraz <em>Hygeia<\/em>zachowa\u0142 si\u0119 na zachodniej \u015bcianie. Niestety pos\u0105gi zosta\u0142y zniszczone kilkadziesi\u0105t lat temu przez miejscowych ch\u0142op\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy wierzyli, \u017ce w \u015brodku ukryty jest skarb.<\/p><p>Na p\u00f3\u0142noc od sanktuarium znajdowa\u0142a si\u0119 du\u017ca galeria (stoa), w kt\u00f3rej znajdowa\u0142y si\u0119 kwatery kap\u0142an\u00f3w i <em>avaton<\/em> (= \u015bwi\u0119te miejsce lub pomieszczenie, do kt\u00f3rego dost\u0119p by\u0142 ograniczony lub zabroniony) sanktuarium prawdopodobnie istnia\u0142o. Tylko pacjenci hospitalizowani mogli wej\u015b\u0107 do <em>avaton<\/em>i robili to tylko po to, by spa\u0107.  By\u0142o to cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 ich planu leczenia i wierzono, \u017ce po g\u0142\u0119bokim \u015bnie w tym miejscu b\u0119d\u0105 mieli terapeutyczne sny i obudz\u0105 si\u0119 z przywr\u00f3conym zdrowiem.<\/p><p>Po wschodniej stronie sanktuarium znaleziono fontann\u0119; prawdopodobnie oznacza\u0142a ona \u015brodkow\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 wcze\u015bniejszej struktury sanktuarium i lokalizacj\u0119 \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a leczniczego, nad kt\u00f3rym zbudowano fontann\u0119. Innym wa\u017cnym znaleziskiem archeologicznym jest skarbiec, kt\u00f3ry znajduje si\u0119 na zachodniej galerii sanktuarium. Pod pod\u0142og\u0105 znaleziono kolejn\u0105 mozaikow\u0105 pod\u0142og\u0119, podzielon\u0105 na dwie sekcje. Jedna sekcja przedstawia konika morskiego otoczonego powtarzaj\u0105cym si\u0119 spiralnym wzorem, a druga przedstawia dwie palmy. Pod\u0142oga ta chroni\u0142a podziemn\u0105 krypt\u0119, kt\u00f3ra by\u0142a zamkni\u0119ta pokryw\u0105 z zamkiem. Pokrywa ta zosta\u0142a znaleziona wewn\u0105trz krypty, uszkodzona, prawdopodobnie zdewastowana przez szabrownik\u00f3w z okresu p\u00f3\u017anego Rzymu lub lat bizantyjskich. Zgodnie z inskrypcj\u0105, wszystkie ofiary po\u015bwi\u0119cone bogu <em>Asklepios<\/em> by\u0142y przechowywane wewn\u0105trz tej krypty.<\/p><p>Wczesnobizantyjska bazylika z V lub VI w. n.e. zosta\u0142a odkopana na wsch\u00f3d od ko\u015bcio\u0142a \u015bw. <em>Asklepieion<\/em>. Mia\u0142 trzy nawy, drewniany dach i narteks. Materia\u0142y u\u017cyte do budowy pochodzi\u0142y z budynk\u00f3w <em>Hellenistyczny<\/em> oraz <em>Roman<\/em> okres. Sama bazylika zosta\u0142a pierwotnie zbudowana w po\u0142owie V wieku naszej ery, zniszczona w po\u0142owie VI wieku, a nast\u0119pnie odbudowana w tym samym rozmiarze i formie.<\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lebena (Levin) by\u0142a bogatym staro\u017cytnym miastem, po\u0142o\u017conym u po\u0142udniowego podn\u00f3\u017ca g\u00f3r Asterousia, na wybrze\u017cu, gdzie znajduje si\u0119 obecna osada Lentas. By\u0142 to port w Gortynie i s\u0142yn\u0105\u0142 z Asklepieionu (\u015bwi\u0105tyni uzdrawiania), kt\u00f3ry by\u0142 odwiedzany przez wiernych z ca\u0142ej Krety i Libii.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2286,"parent":56,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"categories":[88],"tags":[44,74,108],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.11 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ancient Lebena - Crete Guide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lebena (Levin) was a wealthy ancient town, located at the southern foot of the Asterousia mountains, on the shore where the current settlement of Lentas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.destinationcrete.gr\/pl\/archaeological-sites-crete\/ancient-lebena\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ancient Lebena - 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